Character selecting mechanism

ABSTRACT

A character selecting mechanism for a printer having a plurality of type wheel units arranged axially on a shaft. The character selecting mechanism comprises a plurality of electromagnetic clutches each having a solenoid, a sleeve rotatably received in the center hole of the solenoid and rotated continuously during a printing cycle, and a pair of selector plates resiliently pressed against the opposite end surfaces of the sleeve, respectively, so as to be attracted to the sleeve and to be turned by the sleeve when the solenoid is energized, having tongues facing opposite to each other to form part of a magnetic path for the magnetic lines of force of the solenoid with a small gap therebetween an in contact through a small contact area with a driving disk for applying an assistant force to the selector plates in turning the selector plates in a character selecting direction. Each electromagnetic clutch controls a pair of type wheel units to stop the respective type wheels of the pair of type wheel units individually to position the selected characters of the type wheels at the printing position. Small projections are formed in the opposite surfaces of the tongue of the selector plates so that the tongues are in contact with the driving disk through a small contact area so that the selector plates are able to be turned individually.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1.Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a character selecting mechanism for a printer, for selectively positioning characters of type wheels at the printing position on the basis of print command.

2.Description of the Prior Art

The conventional printer provided with a character selecting mechanism and a plurality of axially juxtaposed type wheels each having the types of letters, numerals and symbols (hereinafter referred to as "characters"), and ratably supported on a shaft positions the characters selectively for printing operation by means of the selector plates of a character selecting mechanism.

Such a conventional character selecting mechanism has a plurality of electromagnetic means each associated with a single type wheel. In selecting a character, the electromagnetic means is energized to drive the selector plate resting at the initial position so as to make the selector finger of the selector plate engage with a notch corresponding to the selected character of a selector ratchet to position the selected character at the printing position. On the other hand, in resetting the type wheel, the selector plate is turned by a reset cam so that the selector finger thereof is disengaged from the notch of the selector ratchet, and then the selector plate is turned further in the same direction to the initial position by a reset projection provided on the type wheel. During the type wheel resetting operation, a retaining spring applies a resilient force to the selector plate in the opposite direction so that the selector plate will not be turned excessively beyond the initial position for resetting.

Since the conventional character selecting mechanism suppresses the excessive turning of the selector plate in the resetting direction only by means of the retaining spring, the resilience of the retaining spring must be large when the character selecting mechanism is incorporated into a high-speed printer, because the selector plate is urged in the resetting direction by the comparatively large force applied thereto by the reset projection of the type wheel which rotates at a high speed. However, if increase in the resilience of individual retaining springs is small, the total increase in the resilience of the retaining springs becomes considerably large, and hence the driving force of the motor for driving the type wheels needs to be increased accordingly. Employment of a driving motor of a large capacity increases the power consumption of the printer. When the resilience of the retaining spring is excessively large, it is possible that the selector plate once returned to the initial position by the reset projection is turned in the reverse direction, namely, in the working direction, again and is caused to engage the notch of the selector ratchet to stop the type wheel unnecessarily. Accordingly, it is not desirable to increase the resilience of the retaining springs for surely retaining the selector plates at the initial position.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, a principal object of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable character selecting mechanism for a printer, capable of surely restraining the selector plates from turning beyond the initial position during type wheel resetting operation without using strong restraining springs, requiring a driving motor of a smaller capacity and thus reducing the power consumption of the printer, capable of being manufactured at a low cost, and capable of surely obviating the unnecessary engagement of the selector plate with the selector ratchet.

To achieve the object of the invention, the present invention provides a character selecting mechanism comprising: selector ratchets for stopping type wheels, respectively; selector plates each having a releasing finger and a selector finger capable of engaging with a notch of the corresponding selector ratchet, each selector plate being turned toward the initial position by a reset cam provided on the corresponding type wheel during type wheel resetting operation; an electromagnetic clutch for turning the selector plate from the initial position to a position where the selector finger of the selector plate engages with a notch of the selector ratchet; a reset cam which engages the releasing finger of the selector plate to turn the selector plate so that the selector finger of the selector plate engaging with the notch of the selector ratchet is disengaged from the notch and to restrain the selector finger of the selector plate from engaging with the notch of the selector plate immediately after same has been disengaged from the notch; and a check cam for preventing the selector plate from turning beyond the initial position when the selector plate is turned further toward the initial position by the reset cam after the selector finger of same has been disengaged from the notch of the selector ratchet.

According to the present invention, the check cam engages with the selector plate during the type wheel resetting operation to check the excessive turning of the selector plate beyond the initial position. Accordingly, the resilience of the retaining spring for resiliently retaining the selector plate may be very small, and hence a driving motor of a small capacity for driving the type wheel is able to turn the selector plate in the resetting direction against the resilience of the retaining spring.

Furthermore, after the selector finger of the selector plate has been disengaged from the notch of the selector ratchet, the reset cam engages with the releasing finger of the selector plate to check the accidental reengagement of the selector finger with the notch of the selector ratchet, which improves the reliability of the character selecting mechanism.

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a printer incorporating a character selecting mechanism, in a preferred embodiment, according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the essential portion of the printer of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing the combination of a type wheel and a selector ratchet;

FIG. 4 is a side elevation of assistance in explaining the positional relation between the type wheel and the selector ratchet;

FIG. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view of the respective selector ratchets of a pair of type wheel units showing the relative position of the selector ratchets at the initial position;

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary perspective view of a cam bar; and

FIGS. 7(a) to 7(h) are sectional views showing various positions of the type wheel mechanism and the character selecting mechanism of FIG. 1 in different phases of the cycle of operation.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, shown therein is a printer incorporating a character selecting mechanism, in a preferred embodiment, according to the present invention. The printer repeats a printing cycle for printing operation. Before starting the printing cycle, all the components are positioned at the initial position. The printing cycle is started when a print start signal is given to the printer. The printing cycle includes a phase in which a character to be printed is selected, a phase in which the character is printed, a phase in which the recording sheet is fed and the components are returned to the initial position simultaneously, and a final phase in which all the components are stopped at the initial position and a print end signal is given to the printer. A printer incorporating the present invention comprises a type wheel mechanism 2, a character selecting mechanism 3, a printing mechanism 4 and a sheet feed mechanism 5. These mechanisms 2, 3, 4 and 5 are housed in a case 1. A power transmission system for rotatively driving the type wheel mechanism 2, the character selecting mechanism 3, the printing mechanism 4 and the seat feed mechanism 5 will be described hereinafter, in which right and left correspond to right-hand and left-hand, respectively, in the drawing.

Referring to FIG. 2, a driving gear 6 disposed within the case 1 is driven for continuous rotation by a driving motor, not shown. Two idle gears 7 and 8 are in mesh with the driving gear 6. The idle gear 7 is in mesh with a sensor gear 10 secured to the left end of a cam shaft 9. A transmission gear 11 is secured to the right end of the cam shaft 9 and is in mesh with a transmission gear 13 secured to the right end of a first shaft 12. The transmission gear 13 is in mesh with a transmission gear 15 secured to the right end of a second shaft 14. The transmission gear 15 is in mesh with a transmission gear 17 secured to the right end of a third shaft 16. On the other hand, the other idle gear 8 is in mesh with a transmission gear 19 secured to the left end of a fourth haft 18. A partial gear 20 is combined coaxially and fixedly with the idle gear 8 and is in mesh with a transmission gear 22 secured to the left end of a fifth shaft 21. The shafts 9, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 21 are rotated in directions indicated by arrows, respectively. During the printing cycle, the cam shaft 9 rotates for one turn, the first shaft 12 rotates for two turns, the second shaft 14 and the third shaft 16 rotate continuously while the first shaft 12 is rotating, the fourth shaft 18 rotates for one turn, and the fifth shaft 21 rotates only for feeding the recording sheet.

The type wheel mechanism 2, the character selecting mechanism 3, the printing mechanism 4 and the sheet feed mechanism 5 will be described hereinafter in that order. The type wheel mechanism comprises a plurality of type wheel units 23, for example, eighteen type wheel units 23 for printing a row of eighteen characters including letters, numerals and symbols. The type wheel units 23 are mounted on the first shaft 12 in a parallel arrangement along the axis of the first shaft 12. In FIG. 1, two adjacent type wheel units 23 are illustrated. The respective type wheels 24 of these two type wheel units 23 are controlled for character selection by one of the electromagnetic clutches 47 of the character selecting mechanism 3. Each type wheel unit 23 comprises a type wheel 24, a clutch plate 25 and a selector ratchet 26. The type wheel 24 is formed substantially in the form of a disk and is provided, for example, with twelve types 27 on the circumference thereof and a boss 28 in the central portion thereof. The type wheel 24 is mounted rotatably on the first shaft 12. The clutch plate 25 interlocks the type wheel 24 with or disengages same from the first shaft 12 so that the type wheel 24 rotates together with the first shaft 12 or the type wheel 24 is able to rotate relative to the first shaft 12. The clutch plate 25 is fitted in an annular recess formed in the side surface of the type wheel 24 around the boss 28. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the clutch plate 25 is a partly broken, thin annular plate having a rigid portion 30, a flexible portion 31 and a small hole 32 formed at the junction of the rigid portion 30 and the flexible portion 31. When fitted in the annular recess 29, the clutch plate 25 receives a pin 33 projecting from the bottom surface of the annular recess 29 through the small hole 32 and is swingable on the pin 33. A projection 35 projects from the inner circumference of the rigid portion 30 of the clutch plate 5 through a cut 28a formed in the boss 28 so as to engage with a substantially V-shaped axial groove 34 formed in the first shaft 12 or to disengage from same. The free end of the rigid portion 30 of the clutch plate 25 is cut obliquely to form a nose 36. A pin 37 projecting from the side of the selector ratchet 26 facing the type wheel 24 engages the nose 36 to disengage the projection 35 from the groove 34. The free end of the flexible portion 31 of the clutch plate 25 is engaged with a pin 38 projecting from the bottom surface of the annular recess 29 of the type wheel 24, so that rigid portion 30 is urged resiliently in a direction to bring the projection 35 into engagement with the groove 34. The selector ratchet 26 is formed in the form of a thin disk and is provided in the circumference thereof with notches 39 corresponding to the types 27 of the type wheel 24, respectively. When the type wheel 24, the clutch plate 25 and the selector ratchet 26 are combined, the clutch plate 25 is placed between the type wheel 24 and the selector ratchet 26, the boss 28 of the type wheel 24 is received rotatably in the central hole 40 of the selector ratchet 26, the pins 33 and 38 of the type wheel 24 are received in slots 41 and 42 of a circular arc, respectively, and two hooks 43 projecting from two protrusions 44 among four protrusions 44 formed on the side surface of the selector ratchet 26 are received in two openings 45 formed in the annular recess 29 of the type wheel 24, respectively (FIGS. 3 and 4). The other two protrusions 44 of the selector ratchet 26 are received loosely in two recesses 46 of the type wheel 24, respectively. The four protrusions 44, the two openings 45 and the two recesses 46 constitute a stopping mechanism for stopping the type wheel 24 at a fixed position by the selector ratchet 26. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the respective phases of the respective selector ratchets 26 of the two adjacent type wheel units 23 (FIG. 1) are shifted by half a pitch of the teeth relative to each other when the type wheel units 23 are in the initial position in order to selectively stop the respective type wheels 24 of the two type wheel units 23 at appropriate positions by means of selector plates 48 which are driven individually by an electromagnetic clutch 47 of the character selecting mechanism 3.

The character selecting mechanism 3 stops the type wheel unit 23 which normally is rotating together with the first shaft 12 in response to a character selection signal so that a selected character is stopped at the printing position, detains the type wheel unit 23 at the position until the selected character has been printed, and then releases the type wheel unit 23 after the selected character has been printed to allow the type wheel unit 23 to restore the initial position. In this embodiment, nine electromagnetic clutches 47 for character selecting operation are arranged axially on the second shaft 14. The number of the electromagnetic clutches 47 is half the number of the type wheel units 23. Each electromagnetic clutch 47 comprises a solenoid 50, a sleeve 49 formed of a magnetic material and rotatably fitted in the solenoid 50, and a holding member 51 holding the solenoid 50. The sleeve 49 is splined to the second shaft 14, so that the sleeve rotates continuously together with the second shaft 14. A pair of selector plates 48 are mounted swingably on the second shaft 14 by the opposite ends of the electromagnetic clutch 47, respectively. The pair of selector plates 48 are pressed resiliently against the end surfaces of the sleeve 49 with spring plates 52 interposed between the pair of selector plates 48, and the selector plates 48, not shown of the adjacent electromagnetic clutches 47, respectively. The pair of selector plates 48 are symmetrical in shape and disposition with respect to each other and are pressed resiliently against the opposite end surfaces of the sleeve 49, respectively. Each selector plate 48 has a circular central portion covering the end surface of the solenoid 50, a selector finger 53 extending from the central portion so as to engage with the notch 39 of the selector ratchet 26 to stop the type wheel 24 so that a selected character is located at the printing position, a detaining finger 55 extending from the central portion so as to engage with the bend 54a of a detaining spring 54 fixed to the case 1, a tongue 57 extending from the central portion, serving as part of a magnetic path for the magnetic lines of force generated by the solenoid 50 and in sliding contact with a driving disk 56 secured to the third shaft 16, and a releasing finger 58 projecting from the central portion for disengaging the selector finger 53 from the notch of the selector ratchet 26 to reset the type wheel unit 23. While the solenoid 50 is not energized, the pair of selector plates 48 are held at the resting position with the detaining fingers 55 thereof held under the bends 54a of the detaining spring 54 against the frictional force urging the selector plates 48 in a direction to engage the selector ratchet applied thereto by the sleeve 49 and the driving disk 56 disposed between the tongues 57 so as to be in frictional contact with small projections 59 formed in the opposite surfaces of the tongues 57. When the solenoid 50 is energized, the pair of selector plates 48 are attracted to the sleeve 49 by a magnetic force generated by the solenoid 50. Consequently, the selector plates 48 are urged counterclockwise, as viewed in FIG. 1, by the rotative force of the second shaft 14 to make the detaining fingers 55 move over the bends 54a of the detaining springs 54, respectively. The driving disk 56 is formed of a magnetic material so as to form part of the magnetic path for the solenoid 50. The driving disk 56 applies an assistant force assisting the detaining fingers 55 of the selector plates 48 moving over the bends 54a of the detaining springs 54 in turning the selector plates 48 counterclockwise. The sleeve 49, the central portion of the right-hand selector plate 48, the tongue 57 of the right-hand selector plate 48, the driving disk 56, the tongue 57 of the left-hand selector plate 48 and the central portion of the left-hand selector plate 48 form a closed magnetic path.

In this embodiment, the driving disk 56 which continuously rotates together with the third shaft 16, and the selector plates 48 resiliently urged toward each other by the spring plates 52 so that the tongues 57 thereof are resiliently pressed against the driving disk 56 are designed so that the friction between the tongues 57 and the driving disk 56 is small and the reduction of the magnetic flux density of the solenoid 50 is prevented. To reduce the friction between the driving disk 56 and the tongues 57, two small round projections 59 are formed in the surface of each tongue 57 facing the driving disk 56 so that the driving disk 56 and the tongues 57 are in contact with each other through a small contact area. To prevent the reduction of the magnetic flux density, the projections 59 are formed in the least possible height.

An elongate cam bar 60 for driving the eighteen selector plates 48 are secured to the cam shaft 9. The cam bar 60 has a plurality of reset cams 61 which engage with the releasing fingers 58 to turn the selector plates 48 in a resetting direction, namely, in a clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 1, to disengage the selector fingers 53 from the selector ratchets 26 and prevents the excessive clockwise turning of the selector plates 48 which may cause the selector plates 48 to rebound and cause the selector fingers 53 to engage accidentally again with the notches of the selector ratchets 26, and check cams 62 formed between the adjacent reset cams 61 to check the selector plates 48 so that the selector plates 48 will not be turned excessively clockwise beyond the initial position during resetting motion. The reset cam 61 turns the selector plate 48 clockwise so that the selector finger 53 is disengaged from the notch 39 of the selector ratchet 26 and the detaining finger 55 is moved over the bend 54a of the detaining spring 54. Each type wheel 24 has a reset cam 63 having an inclined cam surface 63a, formed on a circle greater than the outer circumference of the selector ratchet 26 so as to project from the side surface thereof facing the selector ratchet 26. The cam surface 63a of the reset cam 63 engages with the nose of the selector finger 53 to reset the selector plate 48 forcibly. Retaining springs 64 each for restricting the excessive clockwise turning of the selector plate 48 and for retaining the selector plate 48 at the initial position in cooperation with the bend 54a of the detaining spring 54 are fixed to the case 1. Each check cam 62 returns the selector plate 48 surely to the initial position even if the resilience of the retaining spring 64 is small. The use of the retaining spring 64 having a small resilience reduces torque demand for rotating the type wheels 24 at a high speed. When the selector plate 48 is turned clockwise for resetting, the check cam 62 engages slidably with a concave edge 57a of the tongue 57 to restrict the turning of the selector plate 48 beyond the initial position. The reset cams 61 other than those formed at the opposite ends of the reset cam arrangement, and the check cams 62 each has a width, namely, an axial length, sufficient for driving the corresponding pair of selector plates 48.

The printing mechanism 4 and the sheet feed mechanism 5 will be described hereinafter.

Brackets 65 are fixed to the opposite ends of the fourth shaft 18, and a round hammer rod 66 is supported rotatably on the brackets 65 opposite to the eighteen type wheel units 23 within the case 1. The hammer rod 66 revolves on the fourth shaft 18 along a circular path so as to press a recording sheet, not shown, through an ink ribbon, not shown, against the type wheels 24 for printing. The recording sheet is fed by means of a rubber feed roller 68 fixed to the fifth shaft 21 and a pinch roller 69 pressed against the feed roller 68 through a sheet feed path defined by sheet guides 67. In this embodiment, a printing force reinforcing cam 70 is fixed to one end of the fourth shaft 18 outside the bracket 65 and a torsion coil spring 71 having a coil portion 71a is wound around the fifth shaft 21 with the acting end 71b thereof in contact with the printing force reinforcing cam 70 to reinforce the printing force of the hammer rod 66. The acting end 71b of the torsion coil spring 71 always applies a resilient force acting in a direction indicated by an arrow in FIG. 1 to the printing force reinforcing cam 71.

The functions of the printer incorporating the character selecting mechanism 3 embodying the present invention will be described hereinafter.

Referring to FIG. 7(a), in which all the components are in the initial position, each selector plate 48 is urged resiliently in a selecting direction, namely, in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 7(a), by the retaining spring 64 engaging with the selector finger 53, however, since the detaining finger 55 is detained by the bend 54a of the detaining spring 54, the selector plate 48 is retained at the initial position. When a print start command is given, the driving motor is started to rotate the driving gear 6; consequently, the cam shaft 9 and all the shafts 12, 14 and 16 and 18 of the type wheel mechanism 2, the character selecting mechanism 3, the driving disks 56 and the printing mechanism 4 except the fifth shaft 21 of the sheet feed mechanism 5 start rotating in directions indicated by arrows in FIG. 7(a) at predetermined rotating speeds, respectively, since the pair of selector plates 48 disposed on the opposite sides of each electromagnetic clutch 47 are resiliently pressed against the opposite end surfaces of the sleeve 49, respectively, and the respective tongues 57 of the pair of selector plates 48 are pressed resiliently against the driving disk 56, the selector plates 48 are urged counterclockwise by friction. However, since the since the selector plates 48 are restrained from counterclockwise turning by the engagement of the bends 54a of the detaining springs 54 with the detaining fingers 55 thereof, the selector plates 48 are detained at the initial position. Since the selector plates 48 are in contact with the driving disk 56 through the small projections 59 formed in the tongues 57 thereof, the friction urging the selector plates 48 counterclockwise is small, and hence the resilience of the detaining springs 54 may be small.

Referring to FIG. 7(b) showing the mode of character selecting operation, the reset cams 61 of the cam bar 60 leave the releasing fingers 58 of the pair of selector plates 48, and then a character selection signal is provided to energize the solenoid 50 of the electromagnetic clutch 47 upon the arrival of a notch 39 of the selector ratchet 26 corresponding to a type 27 which is to be printed first among those of the pair of type wheels 24 at a position opposite the selector finger 53 of the relevant selector plate 48. That is, a pulse of character selection command current of a pulse width corresponding to a time substantially the same as a time in which the selector ratchet 26 turns through the center angle of a single notch thereof is supplied to the solenoid 50. Consequently, the solenoid 50 is energized to generate a magnetic field, whereby the pair of selector plates 48 are attracted firmly to the rotating sleeve 49. Then, only the selector plate 48 having the selector finger 53 aligned with the notch 39 of the selector ratchet 26 is turned counterclockwise by the agency of a torque of the second shaft 14 applied through the sleeve 49 to the tongue 57 thereof, a torque applied to the tongue 57 thereof by the driving disk 56 and the resilience, although very small, of the retaining spring 64, so that the detaining finger 55 of the selector plate 48 is moved over the bend 54a of the detaining spring 54 and the tip of the selector finger 53 drops in the notch 39 of the selector ratchet 26 to detain the selector ratchet 26. Since the phase of the selector ratchet 26 corresponding to the other selector plate 48 is shifted by half a pitch relative to the phase of the former selector ratchet 26, the selector finger 53 of the other selector plate 48 is unable to drop into the notch 39 of the corresponding selector ratchet 26 and hence the other selector plate 48 is unable to turn counterclockwise. Since the resilience of the detaining spring 54 is comparatively small, only a small driving force is necessary to move the detaining finger 55 over the bend 54a of the detaining spring 54. Therefore, the driving motor and the solenoid 50 may be comparatively small in capacity, and hence the power consumption of the printer is comparatively small.

Each type wheel unit 23 is operatively connected to the first shaft 12 by the engagement of the projection 35 of the clutch plate 25 with the axial groove 34 of the first shaft 12. That is, the clutch plate 25 and the type wheel 24 are joined together by pivotally supporting the clutch plate 25 on the pin 33 fixed to the type wheel 24 and inserted in the small hole 32 formed in the clutch plate 25, and the driving force of the first shaft 12 is transmitted to the selector ratchet 26 through the clutch plate 25 engaging at the nose 36 of the rigid portion 30 thereof with the pin 37 fixed to the selector ratchet 26. Since the axial groove 34 is a substantially V-shaped groove having a radial surface for engagement with the projection 35 of the clutch plate 25, the projection 35 of the clutch plate 25 engages firmly with the axial groove 34 of the first shaft 12, so that the type wheel unit 23 is rotated positively by the first shaft 12.

The selector finger 53 engages with the notch 39 of the selector ratchet 26 to hold the selector ratchet 26 stationary. However, since the projection 35 of the clutch plate 25 and the groove 34 of the first shaft 12 are engaged, the type wheel 24 and the clutch plate 25 rotate further together with the first shaft 12 relative to the selector ratchet 26. During the rotation of the type wheel 24 relative to the selector ratchet 26, the pins 33 and 38 move in the slots 41 and 42, respectively. Since the two projections 44 each having the hook 43 and the other two projections 44 projecting from the side surface of the selector ratchet 26 are fitted loosely in the two openings 45 and two recesses 46 of the type wheel 24, respectively, the type wheel 24 and the selector ratchet 26 are rotatable relative to each other.

Referring to FIG. 7(c), when the type wheel 24 and the clutch plate 25 are turned further from a state in which the nose 36 of the rigid portion 30 of the clutch plate 25 is in contact with the pin 37 of the selector ratchet 26 which is now stationary, the nose 36 is moved over the pin 37, whereby the projection 35 of the clutch plate 25 is moved gradually away from the groove 34 of the first shaft 12 as indicated by broken lines. Then, as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 7(c), upon the arrival of the selected type 27 of the type wheel 24 at the printing position and immediately before the projection 35 of the clutch plate 25 is disengaged from the groove 34 of the first shaft 12, the rear surfaces, with respect to the direction of rotation, of the openings 45 and recesses 46 of the type wheel 24 come into abutment with the rear surfaces, with respect to the direction of rotation, of the four projections 44 of the stationary selector ratchet 26 to stop the selected type 27 of the type wheel 24 exactly at the printing position. Consequently, the clutch plate 25 is stopped, then the projection 35 of the clutch plate 25 is raised gradually by the inclined surface 34a of the groove 34 as the first shaft 12 rotates further and, finally, the projection 35 is removed from the groove 34, so that the type wheel unit 23 is stopped and the first shaft 12 continues rotating.

Since the stopping mechanism of the present invention positions the selected type 27 of the type wheel 24 at the printing position through the engagement of the four projections 44, and the two openings 45 and the two recesses 46, the stopping mechanism is able to position the selected type 27 of the type wheel 24 surely and very accurately as compared with the conventional type positioning means which determines the printing position of the type at the moment of complete separation of the tip of the projection 35 of the clutch plate 25 from the groove 34. Even if the tip of the projection 35 of the clutch plate 25 is worn, the selected type 27 of the type wheel 24 can be accurately held at the printing position. Thus, the character selecting operation for ne of the pair of the type wheel units 23 is completed.

Character selecting operation for the other type wheel unit 23 is similar to that for the former type wheel unit 23. Upon the arrival of a notch 39 of the selector ratchet 26 corresponding to a selected type at a position opposite the selector finger 53 of the relevant selector plate 48, a character selection command current is supplied to the solenoid 50 of the electromagnetic clutch 47. The sequence of the rest of the steps of the character selecting operation is the same as that described with reference to the former type wheel unit 23.

After the selected types 27 of the eighteen type wheels 24 have been positioned at the printing position, the printing mechanism 4 executes printing operation. The ink ribbon and the recording sheet are disposed opposite the respective front surfaces of the eighteen type wheels 24. As the fourth shaft 18 is rotated, the hammer rod 66 revolves around the axis of the fourth shaft 18 (FIG. 1) and presses the ink ribbon and the recording sheet firmly against the stationary type wheels 24 to print the selected characters of the types 27 on the recording sheet. As the hammer rod 66 approaches the type wheels 24, the torsion coil spring 71 disposed behind the hammer rod 66 applies a resilient force to the printing force reinforcing cam 70 to assist the counterclockwise revolution of the hammer rod 66 so that the pressure of the hammer rod 66 on the type wheels 24 is enhanced, whereby the printing mechanism 4 of the ink ribbon type exerts a sufficient printing force on the type wheel to ensure high-quality print. The printing force reinforcing cam 70 is designed so that the torsion coil spring 71 is strained gradually until the hammer rod 66 arrives at the printing position and the torsion coil spring 71 exerts a greatest resilient force on the printing force reinforcing cam 70 upon the arrival of the hammer rod 66 at the printing position. Although the revolving hammer rod 66 applies a tangential force against the type wheels 24, all the type wheels 24 are held stably at the correct printing position, because the selector fingers 53 are in engagement with the corresponding notches 39 of the selector ratchets 26 to hold the selector ratchets 26 stationary and each type wheel 24 is held unmovable by the engagement of the four projections 44 of the corresponding selector ratchet 26, and the two openings 45 and two recesses 46 thereof. Accordingly, high-quality clear print is obtained.

After the selected characters have been printed, the sheet feed mechanism 5 feeds the recording sheet and, at the same time, the type wheel mechanism 2 and the character selecting mechanism 3 implement type wheel resetting operation.

Upon the completion of the printing operation, the partial gear 20 and the transmission gear 22 engage to rotate the feed roller 68 by a predetermined angle to feed the recording sheet held between the feed roller 68 and the pinch roller 69 along the sheet guides 67 by a predetermined length.

On the other hand, the type wheels 24 are reset in the following manner.

Referring to FIG. 7(d), as the shafts rotate further after the hammer rod 66 has completed the printing operation, each reset cam 61 of the cam bar 60 engages with the releasing finger 58 of the corresponding selector plate 48 to turn the selector plate 48 in a resetting direction, namely, in a clockwise direction, against the resilient resistance of the detaining spring 54 and the retaining spring 64, so that the selector finger 53 of the selector plate 48 is disengaged from the notch 39 of the corresponding selector ratchet 26 as illustrated in FIG. 7(e), in which the reset cam 61 of the cam bar 60 is in engagement with the releasing finger 58 of the selector plate 48 to restrain the selector plate 48 from counterclockwise turning. Consequently, the selector ratchet 26, the clutch plate 25 and the type wheel 24 are released free, and then the projection 35 of the clutch plate 25 engages frictionally with the first shaft 12 to transmit the rotative force of the first shaft 12 to the selector ratchet 26, so that the selector ratchet 26 and the type wheel 24 are rotated by the first shaft 12. Then, inclined cam surface 63a of the reset cam 63 engages with the tip of the selector finger 53 of the selector plate 48 as shown in FIG. 7(f). By this moment, the check cam 62 of the cam bar 60 has already arrived at a position where the check cam 62 engages with the concave edge 57a of the tongue 57 of the selector plate 48. Therefore, the reset cam 63 of the type wheel 24 is unable to turn the selector plate 48 clockwise and hence the first shaft 12 and the clutch plate 25 slip relative to each other, so that the type wheel 24 is stopped. As the first shaft 12 rotates further, the groove 34 arrives at a position opposite the projection 35 of the clutch plate 25. Then, the projection 35 is dropped into the groove 34 by the resilience of the flexible portion 31 of the clutch plate 25 to engage the clutch plate 25 and the first shaft 12 as shown in FIG. 7(g). The check cam 62 of the cam bar 60 is disengaged from the tongue 57 of the selector plate 48 immediately before the engagement of the first shaft 12 and the clutch plate 25. After the groove 34 of the first shaft 12 and the projection 35 of the clutch plate 25 have been engaged, the type wheel 24 rotates together with the first shaft 12 and the reset cam 63 of the type wheel 24 causes the selector plate 48 to turn clockwise against the resilience of the retaining spring 64 as shown in FIG. 7(h). Thus, the type wheel 24 is reset at the initial position.

During the type wheel resetting operation, the reset cam 61 of the cam bar 60 is in engagement with the releasing finger 58 of the selector plate 48 to restrain the selector plate 48 from counterclockwise turning after the selector finger 53 has been disengaged from the notch 39 of the selector ratchet 26 to ensure the type wheel resetting operation. Further, the reset cam 63 and the selector finger 53 are engaged and the check cam 62 of the cam bar 60 and the concave edge 57a of the tongue 57 of the selector plate 48 are engaged to make the projection 35 of the clutch plate 25 engage again with the groove 34 of the first shaft 12, so that the type wheel 24 is reset securely. Accordingly, the resilience of the retaining spring 64 for suppressing the clockwise turning of the selector plate 48 during the type wheel resetting operation may be small, the selector plate 48 can be turned clockwise by a small force applied thereto by the reset cam 63, and hence the capacity of the driving motor for rotating the first shaft 12 may be small.

Upon the completion of the type wheel resetting operation for resetting the type wheel units 23, a print end signal is provided and, at the same time, current supply to the driving motor is interrupted to stop the shafts, whereby the components of all the mechanisms stop at the initial position. The progress of the printing cycle is monitored through the detection of slits 73 formed in a sensor plate 72 fixedly attached to the left end of the cam shaft 9 by a sensor, not shown.

Thus, a line of characters are printed in one printing cycle. The printing cycle is repeated for printing a plurality of lines of characters.

As apparent from the foregoing description, according to the present invention, the check cam 62 engages the selector plate 48 during the type wheel resetting operation to check the clockwise turning of the selector plate 48 beyond the initial position and hence the resilience of the retaining spring 64 which resiliently suppresses the excessive clockwise turning of the selector plate 48 may be very small. Accordingly, the capacity of the driving motor for rotatively driving the type wheel 24 which turns the selector finger 53 in the resetting direction against the resilience of the retaining spring 64 may be small, and thereby the power consumption of the printer is reduced.

Furthermore, since the reset cam 61 is in engagement with the releasing finger 58 of the selector plate 48 after the selector finger 53 of the selector plate 48 has been disengaged from the notch 39 of the selector ratchet 26, the accidental reengagement of the selector finger 53 with the notch 39 is prevented, which improves the reliability of the printer.

Although the embodiment described herein is provided with the electromagnetic clutches 47 each for driving the pair of selector plates 48, the character selecting mechanism may be provided with electromagnetic clutches 47 each for driving a single selector plate 48.

Although the invention has been described in its preferred form with a certain degree of particularity, it is to be understood to those skilled in the art that many changes and variations are possible in the invention without departing the scope and spirit thereof. 

What is claimed is:
 1. In a printing apparatus having a plurality of type wheels arranged rotatably in parallel on a drive shaft, each type wheel having a plurality of type characters spaced circumferentially thereon and being selectively rotatable through a rotation angle and stoppable so as to bring a selected type character to a predetermined printing position for a printing operation, type wheel clutch means for engaging the type wheels with the drive shaft for driving the type wheels in rotation, and a character selecting mechanism for each respective one of the type wheels which is operable to selectively engage the respective type wheel to stop its rotation when a selected type character on the type wheel is rotated to the printing position, and to disengage from the type wheel after the printing operation when the type wheel is to be reset with the other type wheels by rotation to a reset position,the improvement wherein said character selecting mechanism for each respective one of said type wheels comprises: a selector ratchet connected with the respective type wheel and having a plurality of notches spaced circumferentially thereon corresponding to the type characters of the type wheel; a rotatable selector plate positioned adjacent the respective type wheel and having a releasing finger, a driving tongue, a rotation-preventing edge, and a selector finger integrally formed thereon, said selector plate being rotatable from an initial position wherein its selector finger is positioned away from said selector ratchet of the type wheel to a selection position wherein its selector finger is engaged in a notch of said selector ratchet corresponding to a selected type character; an electromagnetic clutch which is selectively actuatable to engage said driving tongue of said selector plate to rotate said selector plate and said selector finger from the initial position to the selection position to engage in the notch of said selector ratchet and stop the type wheel with the selected type character at the printing position; a rotatable reset cam positioned adjacent said releasing finger of said selector plate having a first cam surface engageable with said releasing finger when said selector plate is in the selection position and said selector finger is engaged in the selected notch for rotating said selector plate and said selector finger form the selection position to an intermediate position away from the notches of said selector ratchet in order to allow the type wheel to be rotated to the reset position, a second cam surface which is abuttable against said rotation-preventing edge of said selector plate in conjunction with engagement of said first cam surface with said releasing finger to supportively hold said selector plate and said selector finger in the intermediate position, said second cam surface terminating at a predetermined angular position of said reset cam, which corresponds to completion of the resetting of the type wheel to the reset position, for releasing said rotation-preventing edge and allowing said selector plate and said selector finger to be further rotated back to the initial position; a reset projection provided at one angular position on the respective type wheel which is engageable with said selector finger held at the intermediate position in order to stop the rotation of the type wheel and holding it in the reset position, said selector finger being disengaged from said reset projection when said rotation-preventing edge of said selector plate has been released from said second cam surface to allow rotation of said selector plate back to the initial position.
 2. A character selecting mechanism as recited in claim 1, wherein said second cam surface is formed by a partial cylinder which engages slidably with the edge of a circular arc of the tongue of said selector plate to check the return turning of the selector plate beyond the intermediate position. 